202 results found for lindau-nobel

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00:33:00

Molecules Against Cancer or for Long-Term Memory Storage

by Roger Tsien
Molecules Against Cancer or for Long-Term Memory Storage
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1795 views
Rating:

For cancer diagnosis and therapy, we are developing activatable cell-penetrating peptides (ACPPs), synthetic molecules with a novel amplifying mechanism for homing to diseased tissues. ACPPs are polycationic cell-penetrating peptides whose cellular ....

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00:36:00

A Personal View of the History of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine

by Kurt Wurthrich
A Personal View of the History of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1992 views
Rating:

In 1952, Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for the description of the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Over the years, NMR has been used in a wide range of fundamental studies in physics, and in the....

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00:32:00

Aquaporin Water Channels _ From Atomic Structure to Malaria

by Peter Agre
Aquaporin Water Channels _ From Atomic Structure to Malaria
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 3701 views
Rating:

Aquaporin (AQP) water channel proteins enable high water permeability in certain biological membranes. Discovered in human red cells but expressed in multiple tissues, AQP1 has been thoroughly characterized and its atomic structure is known. Expres....

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00:34:00

Synthetic Biology for Genetic Engineering in the 21st Century

by Hamilton Smith
Synthetic Biology for Genetic Engineering in the 21st Century
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1544 views
Rating:

Synthetic biologists seek to design, build, and test novel biological systems. We have chemically synthesized a bacterial genome (Mycoplsama mycoides, 1078Kb) and brought it to life by transplantation into the cytoplasm of a related species. We are....

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00:39:00

You can see a lot by observing: Optical Microscopy 2.0

by Steve Chu
You can see a lot by observing: Optical Microscopy 2.0
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1570 views
Rating:

Biological research and medicine were transformed by the invention and improvement of the optical microscope. Since the early 1990s, there has been another revolution in optical imaging, and manipulation of individual biological molecules and bio-mo....

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00:32:00

The Revolution of Personalized Medicine: Are We Going to Cure All Diseases and at What Price?

by Aaron Ciechanover
The Revolution of Personalized Medicine: Are We Going to Cure All Diseases and at What Price?
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1657 views
Rating:

Many important drugs such as penicillin, aspirin, or digitalis, were discovered by serendipity - some by curious researchers who accidentally noted a "strange" phenomenon, and some by isolation of active ingredients form plants known for centuries to....

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00:28:00

From the Structure of the Ribosome to New Antibiotics

by Thomas Steitz
From the Structure of the Ribosome to New Antibiotics
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1653 views
Rating:

Structural studies of the ribosome exemplify the evolution of structural studies in cell biology from the early negatively stained images of macromolecular assemblies in whole cells, to a detailed atomic understanding of the mechanisms of action of a....

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00:31:00

Infections Linked to Human Cancers: Mechanisms and Synergisms

by Harald Zur Hausen
Infections Linked to Human Cancers: Mechanisms and Synergisms
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1414 views
Rating:

Slightly more than 20% of the global cancer incidence is presently being linked to viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections. The mechanisms by which these agents mediate malignant transformation differ substantially. Some contribute directly, freq....

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00:32:00

Why Do We Not Have a Vaccine Against HIV or Tuberculosis?

by Rolf Zinkernagel
Why Do We Not Have a Vaccine Against HIV or Tuberculosis?
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1505 views
Rating:

Analysis of the immune system is fascinating and progressing rapidly. As a field of medical enquiry, it has however, drifted and turned purely academic. This is because interest and appreciation of protective immunity in infectious disease medicine....

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00:32:00

On The Road Toward an HIV Cure

by Franoise BarrŽ-Sinoussi
On The Road Toward an HIV Cure
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1333 views
Rating:

Since the first cases of AIDS in 1981 and the identification of its etiological agent in 1983, much progress has been made in both the development of tools to prevent and treat HIV infection and the access to these tools. In particular, the wide arr....

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00:30:00

Inheritance from Teratomas

by Martin Evans
Inheritance from Teratomas
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1385 views
Rating:

The techniques and concepts that have resulted in the identification and isolation of embryonic stem cells have come from studies with mouse teratocarcinomas. Embryonic stem cells isolated from normal mouse embryos may be grown in tissue culture and....

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00:31:00

Forging a Genetic Paradigm for Cancer

by Michael Bishop
Forging a Genetic Paradigm for Cancer
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1608 views
Rating:

It is now axiomatic that, no matter what its causes, cancer ultimately arises from the malfunction of genes. A number of clues prefigured this paradigm: the persistence of the malignant phenotype through countless cell divisions; the mutagenicity of....

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00:32:00

Man vs. Helicobacter _ The past 50,000 years and the next 50

by Barry Marshall
Man vs. Helicobacter _ The past 50,000 years and the next 50
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1793 views
Rating:

The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori continues to be an area of discovery and controversy in the 21st century. The transmission of this bacterium from mother to child allows Helicobacter DNA to mimic the evolution of maternal mitochondria DNA. B....

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00:31:00

Deciphering Immunity by Making It Fail

by Bruce Beutler
Deciphering Immunity by Making It Fail
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1752 views
Rating:

Infectious microbes collectively represent the strongest selective pressure operating on our species, and over hundreds of millions of years, drove the evolution of the sophisticated immune system we have today. While the general outlines of immune ....

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00:32:00

Innate Immunity: From Flies to Humans

by Jules Hoffmann
Innate Immunity: From Flies to Humans
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 1764 views
Rating:

Flies challenged with bacteria or fungi rapidly transcribe a battery of genes encoding potent antimicrobial peptides which oppose the invading microorganisms. Genetic analysis has identified two signaling cascades which control their expression: (1)....

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00:31:00

Multiscale Simulations of the Functions of Biological Molecules

by Arieh Warshel
Multiscale Simulations of the Functions of Biological Molecules
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 2925 views
Rating:

Despite enormous advances in structural studies of biological systems we are frequently left without a clear structure-function correlation and cannot fully describe how different systems actually work. This introduces a major challenge for computer....

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00:31:00

Genes and Proteins that Control Secretion and Autophagy

by Randy Schekman
Genes and Proteins that Control Secretion and Autophagy
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 10 years ago | 3645 views
Rating:

The broad outlines of the secretory pathway were established by pioneering EM and cell fractionation experiments conducted by George Palade in the 1960s. Beginning in the mid 1970s and early 80s, my laboratory isolated a series of conditionally leth....

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00:37:00

Cosmic Rays: the Most Energetic Particles in the Universe

by James Cronin
Cosmic Rays: the Most Energetic Particles in the Universe
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1400 views
Rating:

Astrophysical objects are able to accelerate atomic nuclei to energies 10^7 times more than man made accelerators such as LHC. _Particles arrive at earth from space with energies as great as 50 joules, a macroscopic energy in a microscopic particle.....

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00:39:00

The World of Spintronics: Electrons, Spins, Computers and Telephones

by Albert Fert
The World of Spintronics: Electrons, Spins, Computers and Telephones
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1289 views
Rating:

Spintronics is a new field of research which exploits the influence of the electron spin on electronic transport. It is well known for the giant magnetoresistance of the magnetic multilayers and its application to increase the capacity of the hard d....

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00:32:00

The Big Challenges

by Gerardus t'Hooft
The Big Challenges
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1284 views
Rating:

During the entire 20th century, physical sciences have advanced to such a degree that we can extrapolate how they can be applied, even in a fairly distant future.  Even if we leave open the (likely) possibility of spectacular new discoveries and inv....

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00:34:00

Frontiers of Physics

by David Gross
Frontiers of Physics
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1696 views
Rating:

David discusses a few of the questions facing fundamental physics that might be answered before the 100th Lindau meeting in 2050.

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00:32:00

The Looming World Shortage of Helium

by Robert Richardson
The Looming World Shortage of Helium
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1244 views
Rating:

The worldÍs supply of Helium gas comes primarily from alpha decay in rocks. The most abundant supply is in the American Southwest where it is trapped with methane is natural gas wells. That supply is estimated to last a mere 25 years. It took 4.7 bi....

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00:28:00

The History of the Universe, from the Beginning to the Ultimate End

by John Mather
The History of the Universe, from the Beginning to the Ultimate End
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1302 views
Rating:

John summarizes the history of the universe, from the Big Bang through the formation of galaxies and the Solar System, and the history of the Earth and some of the special factors enabling the formation of life.  Our future will be hot as the Sun ge....

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01:18:00

What is Quantum Optics?

by Roy Glauber
What is Quantum Optics?
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 4045 views
Rating:

The image of light waves as oscillating electromagnetic fields explains virtually all the phenomena of traditional optics.  An awareness that these waves are somehow subdivided into quanta has however been with us since the early 20th century.  The....

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00:43:00

The Development of Particle Physics

by Martinus Veltman
The Development of Particle Physics
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1545 views
Rating:

Particle physics mainly developed after World War II. It has its roots in the first half of the previous century, when it became clear that all matter is made up from atoms, and the atoms in turn were found to contain a nucleus surrounded by electro....

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01:04:00

Mapping the Universe and Its History

by George Smoot
Mapping the Universe and Its History
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 2989 views
Rating:

Using our most advanced techniques and instruments we sift through study the cosmic microwave background as a relic of the early universe to understand the events surrounding the birth and subsequent development of the Universe.  A precision inspect....

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00:49:00

Dynamics of Chemical Reactions

by Yuan Lee
Dynamics of Chemical Reactions
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1427 views
Rating:

Every macroscopic chemical transformation, whether it is atmospheric ozone depletion or the burning of a candle, consists of millions of microscopic chemical events, which involve collisions between molecules.  It has been the dream of scientists fo....

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00:35:00

From Disorder to Order

by Gerhard Ertl
From Disorder to Order
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1365 views
Rating:

Our experience suggests that a system will usually show the tendency to undergo spontaneously a transition from the state of order into disorder.  Quite in contrast, our world developed from an initial state of great disorder into another one where ....

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00:40:00

Roles of Protein Degradation in Health and Disease

by Avram Hershko
Roles of Protein Degradation in Health and Disease
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 2969 views
Rating:

The selective degradation of many short-lived proteins in eukaryotic cells is carried out by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system.  In this pathway, proteins are targeted for degradation by covalent ligation to ubiquitin, a highly conserved sma....

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00:45:00

Basic Science and Co-entrepreneurship, my Experience

by Robert Huber
Basic Science and Co-entrepreneurship, my Experience
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1404 views
Rating:

The design and development of inhibiting (or occasionally activating) ligands of target proteins in medicine and crop protection guided by molecular structures and functions has become an established technology in academia and industry recently._ Dr....

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00:54:00

The Revolutionary Impact of the GOOYouWiki World (GYWW) on Education and Student Success

by Harry Kroto
The Revolutionary Impact of the GOOYouWiki World (GYWW) on Education and Student Success
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1860 views
Rating:

Prof. Kroto starts his lecture with remarks on his boyhood and his passions at school and University, especially graphic art and drawing.  He mentions his 4/5 rule and shows the connection between theory and experiments, and he is sold on scientific....

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00:39:00

Molecular Catalysis for Green Chemistry

by Ryoji Noyori
Molecular Catalysis for Green Chemistry
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1521 views
Rating:

Science is inevitably intertwined with society.  The state of the art of science, coupled with industrial endeavors, has determined our quality of life.  Chemists are proud of their ability to generate high value from almost nothing by using accumu....

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00:35:00

Designing Molecules and Nanoparticles to Help See and Treat Disease

by Roger Tsien
Designing Molecules and Nanoparticles to Help See and Treat Disease
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1375 views
Rating:

Molecules to observe and manipulate biological systems can be devised by a variety of strategies, ranging from pure chemical design and total synthesis to genome mining and high-throughput directed evolution. Examples of both successes and failures a....

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00:27:00

Adventures in Nontranslational Research

by Martin Chalfie
Adventures in Nontranslational Research
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1606 views
Rating:

Professor Martin Chalfie regrets the disproportionately high funding of translational research, defined as applied research for the treatment of human diseases.  With examples from the research in his lab he wants to show how important nontranslatio....

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00:37:00

The Amazing Ribosome

by Ada Yonath
The Amazing Ribosome
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1553 views
Rating:

Ribosomes are the universal cellular machines that act as polymerases that translate the genetic code into proteins. They posses spectacular architecture accompanied by inherent mobility that facilitate their smooth performance in decoding, peptide ....

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00:40:00

Why I love Microbes

by Richard Roberts
Why I love Microbes
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1696 views
Rating:

We live in a fascinating world surrounded by life. Much of that life is clearly visible like the plants and animals that we see every day. However, far more is invisible to the naked eye and it is to this realm, the microscopic world, that I will t....

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00:51:00

Why do we not have a vaccine against TB or HIV (yet)?

by Ralph Zinkernagel
Why do we not have a vaccine against TB or HIV (yet)?
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1333 views
Rating:

Survival of vertebrate hosts against infections depends on important natural or innate resistance mechanisms combined with adaptive immune responses of T and B cells. Infectious agents probe the limit of immune responses and help to characterize thr....

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00:46:00

Darwinian evolution as understood by scientists of the 21st century

by Werner Arber
Darwinian evolution as understood by scientists of the 21st century
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1993 views
Rating:

After a short reminder of the historical development of evolutionary biology, elements to a molecular theory of Darwinian evolution will be presented. Biological evolution is driven by the availability of genetic variants in populations. The occasi....

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00:38:00

Protein Crosstalk in Cell Signaling

by Edmond Fischer
Protein Crosstalk in Cell Signaling
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1579 views
Rating:

This talk concentrates on cellular regulation by tyrosine phosphorylation which has been directly implicated in cell growth, differentiation and transformation. Growth factor receptors transduce their signal by recruiting a multiplicity of adaptor p....

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00:12:00

The cell cycle and cancer

by Tim Hunt
The cell cycle and cancer
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 2439 views
Rating:

It was in 1882 that Walther Flemming published drawings of chromosomes lining up in mitosis and parting equally to the daughters of cell division, and 20 years later that Theodor Boveri explained the significance of the chromosome dance in terms of t....

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01:05:00

RNAi and development in C. elegans

by Craig Mello
RNAi and development in C. elegans
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 2664 views
Rating:

Argonaute proteins interact with small RNAs to mediate gene silencing. C. elegans contains 27 Argonaute homologs, raising the question of what roles these genes play in RNAi and related gene-silencing pathways. Through our collaborator, Dr. Shohei....

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00:51:00

Nitric oxide as a messenger molecule and its role in drug development

by Ferid Murad
Nitric oxide as a messenger molecule and its role in drug development
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1662 views
Rating:

The role of nitric oxide in cellular signaling in the past three decades has become one of the most rapidly growing areas in biology. Nitric oxide is a gas and a free radical with an unshared electron that can regulate an ever-growing list of biolog....

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00:39:00

Recent Advances in Olefin Metathesis Catalyzed by Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkylidene Complexes

by Richard Schrock
Recent Advances in Olefin Metathesis Catalyzed by Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkylidene Complexes
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1788 views
Rating:

In the process of preparing M(NR)(CHCMe2R')(OR")2 (R' = Me or Ph) species (or analogs that contain enantiomerically pure biphenolate or binaphtholate ligands) in situ by treating M(NR)(CHCMe2R')(pyrrolide)2 species with alcohols, we have discovered M....

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00:41:00

Building and Breeding Molecules to Spy on Cells, Tumors, and Organisms

by Roger Tsien
Building and Breeding Molecules to Spy on Cells, Tumors, and Organisms
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1529 views
Rating:

Molecules to observe and manipulate biological systems can be devised by a variety of strategies, ranging from pure chemical design and total synthesis to genome mining and high-throughput directed evolution. Examples of both successes and failures ....

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00:35:00

GFP and After

by Martin Chalfie
GFP and After
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1860 views
Rating:

Since its introduction as a biological marker, the Aequorea victoria Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) has had a strong impact in biology, being used in an ever-increasing variety of ways. I will review a bit of the history of GFP and show how having ....

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00:26:00

Chemistry of Bioluminescence

by Osamu Shimomura
Chemistry of Bioluminescence
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1556 views
Rating:

There are numerous kinds of luminous organism on earth. Mysterious emission of light from them inspired the curiosity of mankind ever since the ancient times. In history, Raphael Dubois discovered luciferin and luciferase from one of them, a click ....

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00:28:00

Canoeing in the Arctic, a Scientist’s Perspective

by Peter Agre
Canoeing in the Arctic, a Scientist’s Perspective
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1830 views
Rating:

As scientists, our livelihoods are supported by teaching and research, but we also have the opportunity to make observations beyond our usual confines and share these with non-scientific citizens. Growing up in my native state of Minnesota, I have al....

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00:33:00

An Earth Powered Predominantly by Solar and Wind Energy

by Walter Kohn
An Earth Powered Predominantly by Solar and Wind Energy
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1730 views
Rating:

I shall present and explain the thesis that mankind is on the threshold of a dramatic transition: From an earth, predominantly powered by oil and other fossil fuels, with unsustainable global warming, to a new earth predominantly powered by "clean" s....

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00:41:00

Science, Society & Sustainability

by Harry Kroto
Science, Society & Sustainability
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1788 views
Rating:

The fact that our modern world is so completely and precariously balanced on Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) makes an understanding of these disciplines by all in positions of significant responsibility vital. lthough wise decision-making ....

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00:35:00

From ‘On Water’ and Enzyme Catalysis to Single Molecules and Quantum Dots, Theory and Experiment

by Rudolph Marcus
From ‘On Water’ and Enzyme Catalysis to Single Molecules and Quantum Dots, Theory and Experiment
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1694 views
Rating:

Much of theoretical chemistry has involved equations and their application to experiments, Debye, Debye-Hueckel, Transition State Theory, Kramers, LCAO, RRKM, among others. In fortunate circumstances one can, as in a theory of electron transfer reac....

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00:36:00

Energy and Climate Change – Is There a Solution?

by Mario Molina
Energy and Climate Change – Is There a Solution?
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1218 views
Rating:

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00:36:00

Structural Genomics – Exploring the Protein Universe

by Kurt Wurthrich
Structural Genomics – Exploring the Protein Universe
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1613 views
Rating:

In today's post-genomic era, with the availability of the complete DNA sequences of a wide range of organisms, structural biologists are faced with new opportunities and challenges in _structural genomics”. In contrast to classical structural biol....

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00:31:00

Why Our Proteins Have to Die so We Shall Live

by Aaron Ciechanover
Why Our Proteins Have to Die so We Shall Live
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1484 views
Rating:

Between the sixties and eighties, most life scientists focused their attention on studies of nucleic acids and the translation of the coded information. Protein degradation was a neglected area, considered to be a non-specific, dead-end process. Whil....

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00:42:00

Molecular Machines for Protein Degradation Inside Cells

by Robert Huber
Molecular Machines for Protein Degradation Inside Cells
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1532 views
Rating:

Within cells or subcellular compartments misfolded and/or short-lived regulatory proteins are degraded by protease machines, cage-forming multi-subunit assemblages. Their proteolytic active sites are sequestered within the particles and located on t....

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00:31:00

Atmosphere Climate and Chemistry in the Anthropocene

by Paul Crutzen
Atmosphere Climate and Chemistry in the Anthropocene
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1493 views
Rating:

Despite their relatively small mass, 10-5% of the earth biosphere as a whole, generations of ambitious 'homo sapiens' have already played a major and increasing role in changing basic properties of the atmosphere and the earth's surface. Human activ....

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00:38:00

Passions and Activities beyond Science

by Richard Ernst
Passions and Activities beyond Science
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1138 views
Rating:

"Success in science requires full devotion and relentless day and night activity in the research lab!” This is a notion common among the public, and often also among teachers and beginning students. _Let your scientific activities become your most....

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00:31:00

Chemistry: the Key to Our Future

by Ryoji Noyori
Chemistry: the Key to Our Future
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1549 views
Rating:

Chemistry is not merely a science of making observations in order to better understand Nature. Our science is creative and productive, generating substances of very high value from almost nothing. Chemists already have made enormous contribution to....

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00:34:00

Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change

by Sherwood Rowland
Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1791 views
Rating:

The 'greenhouse gases (GHG)' intercept a fraction of outgoing terrestrial infrared radiation, creating the natural greenhouse effect which warmed the atmosphere by approximately 32 Celsius at the beginning of the 20th Century. The activities of manki....

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00:31:00

From Atoms to Complexity: Reactions at Surfaces

by Gerhard Ertl
From Atoms to Complexity: Reactions at Surfaces
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1509 views
Rating:

The interaction of molecules with the surfaces of solids forms the basis of heterogeneous catalysis and can now be investigated in atomic detail. Systems of this kind may, on the other hand, serve as models for studying self-organisation of matter le....

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00:40:00

The Discovery of Quasi-Periodic Materials

by Dan Schectman
The Discovery of Quasi-Periodic Materials
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1966 views
Rating:

Crystallography has been one of the mature sciences.  Over the years, the modern science of crystallography that started by experimenting with x-ray diffraction from crystals in 1912 has developed a major paradigm Ð that all crystals are ordered an....

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00:23:00

Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate in the Anthropocene

by Paul Krutzen
Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate in the Anthropocene
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1383 views
Rating:

Despite their relatively small mass, 10% of the earth biosphere as a whole, generations of ambitious ‘homo sapiens’ have already played a major and increasing role in changing basic properties of the atmosphere and the earth’s surface.  Human ....

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00:30:00

Photosynthesis, Biomass, Biofuels: Conversion Efficiencies and Consequences

by Hartmut Michel
Photosynthesis, Biomass, Biofuels: Conversion Efficiencies and Consequences
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1465 views
Rating:

It is generally accepted that the global warming, which we undoubtedly observe, is the result of an increased concentration of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere.  Within this scenario it is evident that we have to re....

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00:34:00

The Science and Policy of Climate Change

by Mario Molina
The Science and Policy of Climate Change
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1063 views
Rating:

Climate change is the most serious environmental challenge facing society in the 21st century.  The basic science is clear: the International Panel on Climate Change concluded that there is more than 90% probability that human activities are causing....

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00:35:00

Proteasome and DegP Protease, Mechanisms and Drug Design

by Robert Huber
Proteasome and DegP Protease, Mechanisms and Drug Design
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1633 views
Rating:

Within cells or subcellular compartments, mis-folded and/or short-lived regulatory proteins are degraded by protease machines, cage-forming multi-subunit assemblages, the proteasome and HtrA/DegP.  They are essential components in very complex regul....

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00:29:00

The Ubiquitin Proteolytic System as a Novel Drug Development Platform

by Aaron Ciechanover
The Ubiquitin Proteolytic System as a Novel Drug Development Platform
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1865 views
Rating:

Between the 50s and 80s, most studies in biomedicine focused on the central dogma - the translation of the information coded by DNA to RNA and proteins.  Protein degradation was a neglected area, considered to be a non-specific, dead-end process.  ....

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00:28:00

Roles of the Ubiquitin System in Health and Disease

by Avram Herschko
Roles of the Ubiquitin System in Health and Disease
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1533 views
Rating:

The selective degradation of many short-lived proteins in eukaryotic cells is carried out by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system.  In this pathway, proteins are targeted for degradation by covalent ligation to ubiquitin, a highly conserved sma....

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00:33:00

Engineering Molecules for Fun, Profit, and Clinical Relevance

by Roger Tsien
Engineering Molecules for Fun, Profit, and Clinical Relevance
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1283 views
Rating:

Molecules to observe and manipulate biological systems and disease processes can be devised by a variety of strategies, ranging from pure chemical design and total synthesis to genome mining and high-throughput directed evolution.  Examples of both ....

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00:36:00

Magical Power of d-Block Transition Metals: Past, Present and Future

by Ei-ichi Negishi
Magical Power of d-Block Transition Metals: Past, Present and Future
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1431 views
Rating:

Until recently, most of the 24 d-block transition metals had been used primarily as useful materials for (i) construction and also as tools and containers, etc., (Ti, Zr, Fe and their alloys with V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, etc.), (ii) precious and ornamental....

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00:40:00

Glimpses of Chemical Wizardry

by Dudley Herschbach
Glimpses of Chemical Wizardry
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1094 views
Rating:

In an evangelical spirit, three vignettes will be presented that have the character of molecular parables: stories with lessons that transcend the specific details.(1) How knowledge of the orientation of a methyl group with respect to a neighboring d....

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00:32:00

The Fuel of Life

by John Walker
The Fuel of Life
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1421 views
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The lecture will be devoted to the topic of how the biological world supplies itself with energy to make biology work, and what medical consequences ensue when the energy supply chain in our bodies is damaged or defective.  We derive our energy from....

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00:30:00

Catalysis at Surfaces: From Atoms to Complexity

by Gerhard Ertl
Catalysis at Surfaces: From Atoms to Complexity
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1613 views
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Catalysis by solid surfaces is, among others, of importance for the chemical industry (e.g. the Haber-Bosch process) as well as for environmental chemistry (car exhaust catalyst).  Surface physical techniques enable investigation of the underlying e....

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00:30:00

Cross-Coupling Reactions of Organoboranes: An Easy Way for Carbon-Carbon Bonding

by Akira Suzuki
Cross-Coupling Reactions of Organoboranes: An Easy Way for Carbon-Carbon Bonding
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 2851 views
Rating:

The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between different types of organoboron compounds and various organic halides in the presence of base provides a powerful and general methodology for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds.  The (sp3)C-B ....

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00:27:00

G Protein Coupled Receptors: Challenges for Drug Discovery

by Brian Kobilka
G Protein Coupled Receptors: Challenges for Drug Discovery
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1647 views
Rating:

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) conduct the majority of cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters, and are therefore the largest group of pharmaceutical targets for a broad spectrum of diseases.  Identification of genes for GPCRs, ini....

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00:34:00

Advances in Olefin Metathesis Employing Molybdenum and Tungsten Catalysts

by Richard Schrock
Advances in Olefin Metathesis Employing Molybdenum and Tungsten Catalysts
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1757 views
Rating:

Olefin metathesis is an irresistible way to make C=C bonds catalytically in organic molecules and polymers, both as a consequence of its very nature, i.e. the synthesis of C=C bonds from C=C bonds, and because of the control that can be exercised thr....

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00:33:00

Curiosity and its Fruits: From Basic Science to Advanced Medicine

by Ada Yonath
Curiosity and its Fruits: From Basic Science to Advanced Medicine
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1486 views
Rating:

Ribosomes, the universal cellular machines that translate the genetic code into proteins, are targeted by many antibiotics that paralyze them by binding to their functional sites.  Antibiotics binding modes, inhibitory actions and synergism pathways....

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00:35:00

Structure and Mechanism of Otto Warburg’s Respiratory Enzyme, the Cytochrome c Oxidase

by Hartmut Michel
Structure and Mechanism of Otto Warburg’s Respiratory Enzyme, the Cytochrome c Oxidase
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 2075 views
Rating:

The oxygen, you breathe in, is converted to water by cytochrome c oxidase, using electrons provided by cytochrome c and protons from the aqueous milieu of the body.  This fundamental enzyme has been discovered already in 1886, and studied extensivel....

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00:34:00

Drug Development in the 21st Century – Are We Going to Cure All Diseases?

by Aaron Ciechanover
Drug Development in the 21st Century – Are We Going to Cure All Diseases?
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 2167 views
Rating:

Many important drugs such as penicillin, aspirin, or digitalis, were discovered by serendipity - some by curious researchers who accidentally noted a "strange" phenomenon, and some by isolation of active ingredients form plants known for centuries to....

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00:31:00

Green Chemistry and Catalysis

by Robert Grubbs
Green Chemistry and Catalysis
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1369 views
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Much of the chemical industry is based on processes that were developed decades ago.  The change in the cost of petroleum carbon and energy sources and the need to control emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants will change the rules of the....

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00:35:00

Perspectives in Chemistry – Towards Adaptive Chemistry

by Jean-Marie Lehn
Perspectives in Chemistry – Towards Adaptive Chemistry
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1621 views
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Supramolecular chemistry lies beyond molecular chemistry.  It aims at implementing highly complex chemical systems from molecular components held together by non-covalent intermolecular forces and effecting molecular recognition, catalysis and trans....

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00:32:00

Single Molecule Studies of Initial Steps in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells and of Quantum Dots – Examples of Electron Transfers and Relation to Ensemble Studies

by Rudolph Marcus
Single Molecule Studies of Initial Steps in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells and of Quantum Dots – Examples of Electron Transfers and Relation to Ensemble Studies
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1789 views
Rating:

We consider two fields of single molecule studies of intermittently fluorescing systems.  In both fields the intermittency is assumed to involve diffusion controlled electron transfer.  One of these studies involves the initial steps in dye-sensiti....

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00:38:00

Conformational Plasticity of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) studied by NMR in Solution

by Kurt Wurthrich
Conformational Plasticity of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) studied by NMR in Solution
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1633 views
Rating:

As an introduction, some principles of nuclear spin physics applying to studies of integral membrane proteins (IMP) will be reviewed.  Applications of resulting nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques will then be illustrated with studies of G-p....

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00:32:00

Tickling Worms: Surprises From Basic Research

by Martin Chalfie
Tickling Worms: Surprises From Basic Research
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1978 views
Rating:

Research, at least my research, has never been linear.  I have found that my lab and I often double back on problems after years of inactivity or go off in entirely new directions as dictated by the work and people's interests.  This lack of direct....

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00:35:00

Quasi-Periodic Materials – Crystal Redefined

by Dan Schectman
Quasi-Periodic Materials – Crystal Redefined
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 3161 views
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Crystallography has been one of the mature sciences.  Over the years, the modern science of crystallography that started by experimenting with x-ray diffraction from crystals in 1912, has developed a major paradigm that all crystals are ordered and ....

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00:37:00

Communicating Climate Change Science

by Mario Molina
Communicating Climate Change Science
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1814 views
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Climate change represents one of the most serious challenges that society is facing in this century.  It is important for humanity to limit its interference with the climate system by profoundly modifying activities such as burning fossil fuels and ....

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00:30:00

Aquaporin Water Channels: From Atomic Structure to Malaria

by Peter Agre
Aquaporin Water Channels: From Atomic Structure to Malaria
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 2871 views
Rating:

Aquaporin (AQP) water channel proteins enable high water permeability of certain biological membranes.  Discovered in human red cells but expressed in multiple tissues, AQP1 has been thoroughly characterized and its atomic structure is known.  Expr....

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00:38:00

Widen Your Scope by Extracurricular Activities: My Example

by Richard Ernst
Widen Your Scope by Extracurricular Activities: My Example
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1382 views
Rating:

Some observers might think that fierce scientific competition borders on a rat race.  According to Wikipedia: "A rat race is an endless, self-defeating, or pointless pursuit.  It conjures up the image of the futile efforts of a lab rat trying to es....

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00:38:00

Cultural Values of Scientific Knowledge

by Werner Arber
Cultural Values of Scientific Knowledge
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1634 views
Rating:

The acquisition of scientific knowledge largely depends on the availability of appropriate research approaches and methodologies.  Novel scientific knowledge represents cultural values.  On the one hand, it enriches our world-view with impacts on o....

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00:34:00

Proteases and Their Control in Health and Disease

by Robert Huber
Proteases and Their Control in Health and Disease
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1385 views
Rating:

Proteolytic enzymes catalyse a very simple chemical reaction, the hydrolytic cleavage of a peptide bond.  Nevertheless, they constitute a most diverse and numerous lineage of proteins.  The reason lies in their role as components of many regulatory....

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00:32:00

Four Horsemen of the 21st Century Apocalypse

by Harry Kroto
Four Horsemen of the 21st Century Apocalypse
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1767 views
Rating:

The ‘Common Sense’ that is needed to survive does not necessarily provide correct answers to the way the Universe works.  Science is actually not that old, it really only started in about the 16th Century and was a byproduct of ‘The Enlightenm....

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00:33:00

The Ubiquitin System

by Avram Hershko
The Ubiquitin System
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1442 views
Rating:

The selective degradation of many short-lived proteins in eukaryotic cells is carried out by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system.  In this pathway, proteins are targeted for degradation by covalent ligation to ubiquitin, a highly conserved sma....

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00:34:00

What Can We Do with Laser Frequency Combs?

by Theodor Hänsch
What Can We Do with Laser Frequency Combs?
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1696 views
Rating:

The spectrum of a frequency comb, commonly generated by a mode-locked femtosecond laser consists of several hundred thousand precisely evenly spaced spectral lines.  Such laser frequency combs have revolutionized the art measuring the frequency of l....

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00:27:00

Model Synthesis for Ceramics: Superconductors, Magnets and Others

by Karl Muller
Model Synthesis for Ceramics: Superconductors, Magnets and Others
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1426 views
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The discovery of superconductivity in hole doped La2CuO4 was motivated by the interest to find this phenomenon in an oxide.  After the discovery near 35 K, copper oxides with transition temperatures of up to 131 K at normal pressure were found, i.e.....

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00:41:00

The Energy and Climate Change Challenges and Opportunities

by Steve Chu
The Energy and Climate Change Challenges and Opportunities
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1500 views
Rating:

Science and technology has profoundly transformed the world.  After giving a few historical examples, beginning with the industrial revolution, I will discuss the challenges, opportunities and necessity for the world to transition to a sustainable e....

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00:30:00

Superposition, Entanglement, and Raising Schrödinger’s Cat

by David Wineland
Superposition, Entanglement, and Raising Schrödinger’s Cat
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 2560 views
Rating:

In 1935, Erwin Schrödinger, one of the inventors of quantum mechanics, illustrated his discomfort with the theory by pointing out that its extension to the macroscopic world could lead to bizarre situations such as a cat being simultaneously alive a....

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00:31:00

Controlling Photons in a Box and Exploring the Quantum to Classical Boundary

by Serge Haroche
Controlling Photons in a Box and Exploring the Quantum to Classical Boundary
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1919 views
Rating:

The founders of quantum theory assumed in 'thought experiments' that they were manipulating isolated quantum systems, obeying the counterintuitive laws which they had just discovered.  Technological advances have recently turned these virtual experi....

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00:30:00

Powering the Future

by Robert Laughlin
Powering the Future
for 18-22 and upwards,
Lectures | 18-22 and upwards | 11 years ago | 1544 views
Rating:

Some seeds of what to do in the climate/energy controversy are contained in what will be.  In this talk I shall ask everyone to jump over contemporary politics and make a mental journey to a time, several centuries from now, when nobody uses carbon-....

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