202 results found for lindau-nobel

The fact that our modern world is so completely and precariously balanced on Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) makes an understanding of these disciplines by all in positions of significant responsibility vital. lthough wise decision-making ....

Much of theoretical chemistry has involved equations and their application to experiments, Debye, Debye-Hueckel, Transition State Theory, Kramers, LCAO, RRKM, among others. In fortunate circumstances one can, as in a theory of electron transfer reac....

In today's post-genomic era, with the availability of the complete DNA sequences of a wide range of organisms, structural biologists are faced with new opportunities and challenges in _structural genomics”. In contrast to classical structural biol....

Between the sixties and eighties, most life scientists focused their attention on studies of nucleic acids and the translation of the coded information. Protein degradation was a neglected area, considered to be a non-specific, dead-end process. Whil....

Within cells or subcellular compartments misfolded and/or short-lived regulatory proteins are degraded by protease machines, cage-forming multi-subunit assemblages. Their proteolytic active sites are sequestered within the particles and located on t....

Despite their relatively small mass, 10-5% of the earth biosphere as a whole, generations of ambitious 'homo sapiens' have already played a major and increasing role in changing basic properties of the atmosphere and the earth's surface. Human activ....

"Success in science requires full devotion and relentless day and night activity in the research lab!” This is a notion common among the public, and often also among teachers and beginning students. _Let your scientific activities become your most....

Chemistry is not merely a science of making observations in order to better understand Nature. Our science is creative and productive, generating substances of very high value from almost nothing. Chemists already have made enormous contribution to....

The 'greenhouse gases (GHG)' intercept a fraction of outgoing terrestrial infrared radiation, creating the natural greenhouse effect which warmed the atmosphere by approximately 32 Celsius at the beginning of the 20th Century. The activities of manki....

The interaction of molecules with the surfaces of solids forms the basis of heterogeneous catalysis and can now be investigated in atomic detail. Systems of this kind may, on the other hand, serve as models for studying self-organisation of matter le....

Crystallography has been one of the mature sciences.  Over the years, the modern science of crystallography that started by experimenting with x-ray diffraction from crystals in 1912 has developed a major paradigm Ð that all crystals are ordered an....

Despite their relatively small mass, 10% of the earth biosphere as a whole, generations of ambitious ‘homo sapiens’ have already played a major and increasing role in changing basic properties of the atmosphere and the earth’s surface.  Human ....

It is generally accepted that the global warming, which we undoubtedly observe, is the result of an increased concentration of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere.  Within this scenario it is evident that we have to re....

Climate change is the most serious environmental challenge facing society in the 21st century.  The basic science is clear: the International Panel on Climate Change concluded that there is more than 90% probability that human activities are causing....

Within cells or subcellular compartments, mis-folded and/or short-lived regulatory proteins are degraded by protease machines, cage-forming multi-subunit assemblages, the proteasome and HtrA/DegP.  They are essential components in very complex regul....

Between the 50s and 80s, most studies in biomedicine focused on the central dogma - the translation of the information coded by DNA to RNA and proteins.  Protein degradation was a neglected area, considered to be a non-specific, dead-end process.  ....

The selective degradation of many short-lived proteins in eukaryotic cells is carried out by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system.  In this pathway, proteins are targeted for degradation by covalent ligation to ubiquitin, a highly conserved sma....

Molecules to observe and manipulate biological systems and disease processes can be devised by a variety of strategies, ranging from pure chemical design and total synthesis to genome mining and high-throughput directed evolution.  Examples of both ....

Until recently, most of the 24 d-block transition metals had been used primarily as useful materials for (i) construction and also as tools and containers, etc., (Ti, Zr, Fe and their alloys with V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, etc.), (ii) precious and ornamental....

In an evangelical spirit, three vignettes will be presented that have the character of molecular parables: stories with lessons that transcend the specific details.(1) How knowledge of the orientation of a methyl group with respect to a neighboring d....

The lecture will be devoted to the topic of how the biological world supplies itself with energy to make biology work, and what medical consequences ensue when the energy supply chain in our bodies is damaged or defective.  We derive our energy from....

Catalysis by solid surfaces is, among others, of importance for the chemical industry (e.g. the Haber-Bosch process) as well as for environmental chemistry (car exhaust catalyst).  Surface physical techniques enable investigation of the underlying e....

The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between different types of organoboron compounds and various organic halides in the presence of base provides a powerful and general methodology for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds.  The (sp3)C-B ....

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) conduct the majority of cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters, and are therefore the largest group of pharmaceutical targets for a broad spectrum of diseases.  Identification of genes for GPCRs, ini....

Olefin metathesis is an irresistible way to make C=C bonds catalytically in organic molecules and polymers, both as a consequence of its very nature, i.e. the synthesis of C=C bonds from C=C bonds, and because of the control that can be exercised thr....

Ribosomes, the universal cellular machines that translate the genetic code into proteins, are targeted by many antibiotics that paralyze them by binding to their functional sites.  Antibiotics binding modes, inhibitory actions and synergism pathways....

The oxygen, you breathe in, is converted to water by cytochrome c oxidase, using electrons provided by cytochrome c and protons from the aqueous milieu of the body.  This fundamental enzyme has been discovered already in 1886, and studied extensivel....

Many important drugs such as penicillin, aspirin, or digitalis, were discovered by serendipity - some by curious researchers who accidentally noted a "strange" phenomenon, and some by isolation of active ingredients form plants known for centuries to....

Much of the chemical industry is based on processes that were developed decades ago.  The change in the cost of petroleum carbon and energy sources and the need to control emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants will change the rules of the....

Supramolecular chemistry lies beyond molecular chemistry.  It aims at implementing highly complex chemical systems from molecular components held together by non-covalent intermolecular forces and effecting molecular recognition, catalysis and trans....

We consider two fields of single molecule studies of intermittently fluorescing systems.  In both fields the intermittency is assumed to involve diffusion controlled electron transfer.  One of these studies involves the initial steps in dye-sensiti....

As an introduction, some principles of nuclear spin physics applying to studies of integral membrane proteins (IMP) will be reviewed.  Applications of resulting nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques will then be illustrated with studies of G-p....

Research, at least my research, has never been linear.  I have found that my lab and I often double back on problems after years of inactivity or go off in entirely new directions as dictated by the work and people's interests.  This lack of direct....

Crystallography has been one of the mature sciences.  Over the years, the modern science of crystallography that started by experimenting with x-ray diffraction from crystals in 1912, has developed a major paradigm that all crystals are ordered and ....

Climate change represents one of the most serious challenges that society is facing in this century.  It is important for humanity to limit its interference with the climate system by profoundly modifying activities such as burning fossil fuels and ....

Aquaporin (AQP) water channel proteins enable high water permeability of certain biological membranes.  Discovered in human red cells but expressed in multiple tissues, AQP1 has been thoroughly characterized and its atomic structure is known.  Expr....

Some observers might think that fierce scientific competition borders on a rat race.  According to Wikipedia: "A rat race is an endless, self-defeating, or pointless pursuit.  It conjures up the image of the futile efforts of a lab rat trying to es....

The acquisition of scientific knowledge largely depends on the availability of appropriate research approaches and methodologies.  Novel scientific knowledge represents cultural values.  On the one hand, it enriches our world-view with impacts on o....

Proteolytic enzymes catalyse a very simple chemical reaction, the hydrolytic cleavage of a peptide bond.  Nevertheless, they constitute a most diverse and numerous lineage of proteins.  The reason lies in their role as components of many regulatory....

The ‘Common Sense’ that is needed to survive does not necessarily provide correct answers to the way the Universe works.  Science is actually not that old, it really only started in about the 16th Century and was a byproduct of ‘The Enlightenm....

The selective degradation of many short-lived proteins in eukaryotic cells is carried out by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system.  In this pathway, proteins are targeted for degradation by covalent ligation to ubiquitin, a highly conserved sma....

The spectrum of a frequency comb, commonly generated by a mode-locked femtosecond laser consists of several hundred thousand precisely evenly spaced spectral lines.  Such laser frequency combs have revolutionized the art measuring the frequency of l....

The discovery of superconductivity in hole doped La2CuO4 was motivated by the interest to find this phenomenon in an oxide.  After the discovery near 35 K, copper oxides with transition temperatures of up to 131 K at normal pressure were found, i.e.....

Science and technology has profoundly transformed the world.  After giving a few historical examples, beginning with the industrial revolution, I will discuss the challenges, opportunities and necessity for the world to transition to a sustainable e....

In 1935, Erwin Schrödinger, one of the inventors of quantum mechanics, illustrated his discomfort with the theory by pointing out that its extension to the macroscopic world could lead to bizarre situations such as a cat being simultaneously alive a....

The founders of quantum theory assumed in 'thought experiments' that they were manipulating isolated quantum systems, obeying the counterintuitive laws which they had just discovered.  Technological advances have recently turned these virtual experi....

Some seeds of what to do in the climate/energy controversy are contained in what will be.  In this talk I shall ask everyone to jump over contemporary politics and make a mental journey to a time, several centuries from now, when nobody uses carbon-....