202 results found for lindau-nobel

Particle physics mainly developed after World War II. It has its roots in the first half of the previous century, when it became clear that all matter is made up from atoms, and the atoms in turn were found to contain a nucleus surrounded by electro....

Using our most advanced techniques and instruments we sift through study the cosmic microwave background as a relic of the early universe to understand the events surrounding the birth and subsequent development of the Universe.  A precision inspect....

Every macroscopic chemical transformation, whether it is atmospheric ozone depletion or the burning of a candle, consists of millions of microscopic chemical events, which involve collisions between molecules.  It has been the dream of scientists fo....

Our experience suggests that a system will usually show the tendency to undergo spontaneously a transition from the state of order into disorder.  Quite in contrast, our world developed from an initial state of great disorder into another one where ....

The selective degradation of many short-lived proteins in eukaryotic cells is carried out by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system.  In this pathway, proteins are targeted for degradation by covalent ligation to ubiquitin, a highly conserved sma....

The design and development of inhibiting (or occasionally activating) ligands of target proteins in medicine and crop protection guided by molecular structures and functions has become an established technology in academia and industry recently._ Dr....

Prof. Kroto starts his lecture with remarks on his boyhood and his passions at school and University, especially graphic art and drawing.  He mentions his 4/5 rule and shows the connection between theory and experiments, and he is sold on scientific....

Science is inevitably intertwined with society.  The state of the art of science, coupled with industrial endeavors, has determined our quality of life.  Chemists are proud of their ability to generate high value from almost nothing by using accumu....

Molecules to observe and manipulate biological systems can be devised by a variety of strategies, ranging from pure chemical design and total synthesis to genome mining and high-throughput directed evolution. Examples of both successes and failures a....

Professor Martin Chalfie regrets the disproportionately high funding of translational research, defined as applied research for the treatment of human diseases.  With examples from the research in his lab he wants to show how important nontranslatio....

Ribosomes are the universal cellular machines that act as polymerases that translate the genetic code into proteins. They posses spectacular architecture accompanied by inherent mobility that facilitate their smooth performance in decoding, peptide ....

We live in a fascinating world surrounded by life. Much of that life is clearly visible like the plants and animals that we see every day. However, far more is invisible to the naked eye and it is to this realm, the microscopic world, that I will t....

Survival of vertebrate hosts against infections depends on important natural or innate resistance mechanisms combined with adaptive immune responses of T and B cells. Infectious agents probe the limit of immune responses and help to characterize thr....

After a short reminder of the historical development of evolutionary biology, elements to a molecular theory of Darwinian evolution will be presented. Biological evolution is driven by the availability of genetic variants in populations. The occasi....

This talk concentrates on cellular regulation by tyrosine phosphorylation which has been directly implicated in cell growth, differentiation and transformation. Growth factor receptors transduce their signal by recruiting a multiplicity of adaptor p....

It was in 1882 that Walther Flemming published drawings of chromosomes lining up in mitosis and parting equally to the daughters of cell division, and 20 years later that Theodor Boveri explained the significance of the chromosome dance in terms of t....

Argonaute proteins interact with small RNAs to mediate gene silencing. C. elegans contains 27 Argonaute homologs, raising the question of what roles these genes play in RNAi and related gene-silencing pathways. Through our collaborator, Dr. Shohei....

The role of nitric oxide in cellular signaling in the past three decades has become one of the most rapidly growing areas in biology. Nitric oxide is a gas and a free radical with an unshared electron that can regulate an ever-growing list of biolog....

In the process of preparing M(NR)(CHCMe2R')(OR")2 (R' = Me or Ph) species (or analogs that contain enantiomerically pure biphenolate or binaphtholate ligands) in situ by treating M(NR)(CHCMe2R')(pyrrolide)2 species with alcohols, we have discovered M....

Molecules to observe and manipulate biological systems can be devised by a variety of strategies, ranging from pure chemical design and total synthesis to genome mining and high-throughput directed evolution. Examples of both successes and failures ....

Since its introduction as a biological marker, the Aequorea victoria Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) has had a strong impact in biology, being used in an ever-increasing variety of ways. I will review a bit of the history of GFP and show how having ....

There are numerous kinds of luminous organism on earth. Mysterious emission of light from them inspired the curiosity of mankind ever since the ancient times. In history, Raphael Dubois discovered luciferin and luciferase from one of them, a click ....

As scientists, our livelihoods are supported by teaching and research, but we also have the opportunity to make observations beyond our usual confines and share these with non-scientific citizens. Growing up in my native state of Minnesota, I have al....

I shall present and explain the thesis that mankind is on the threshold of a dramatic transition: From an earth, predominantly powered by oil and other fossil fuels, with unsustainable global warming, to a new earth predominantly powered by "clean" s....